Search results for "Critical infrastructure"
showing 10 items of 20 documents
Towards European Dimensions of City Resilience
2016
International audience; Disaster resilience is becoming more important and raises the highest concerns worldwide, including in Europe. Cities have a vital role for resilience because a majority of the population resides in the cities. Despite the recognition of the importance of city resilience, there is no strong consensus what city resilience is and its dimensions, and how the resilience concept should be transferred into management practice in the cities. In this paper, we conduct a survey of EU sectorial approaches in terms of EU-funded projects related to climate change and critical infrastructure, where urban or city resilience are in focus. The goal is to obtain an overview of how th…
How Critical Infrastructure Orients International Relief in Cascading Disasters
2016
Critical infrastructure and facilities are central assets in modern societies, but their impact on international disaster relief remains mostly associated with logistics challenges. The emerging literature on cascading disasters suggests the need to integrate the nonlinearity of events in the analyses. This article investigates three case studies: the 2002 floods in the Czech Republic, Hurricane Katrina in 2005 and the 2011 Tohoku earthquake, tsunami and Fukushima meltdown in Japan. We explore how the failure of critical infrastructure can orient international disaster relief by shifting its priorities during the response. We argue that critical infrastructure can influence aid request and …
Understanding the Importance of Proper Incentives for Critical Infrastructures Management – How System Dynamics Can Help
2016
International audience; Computer and information systems are now at the core of numerous critical infrastructures. However, their security management is by far not a trivial issue. Further, these systems, by their very nature, belong to the domain of complex systems, where system dynamics (SD) is an established method, which aims at modelling such systems, their analysis and understanding. Further, on this basis it enables simulation of various policies to properly manage complex systems. More precisely, through understanding of the basic elements of the whole mosaic and their interplay, proper incentives can be tested. And this is important, because proper incentives can lead to the desire…
Blockchain based Device identification and authentication in a Smart Grid
2020
The power grid is a critical infrastructure of a country that needs protection and security. According to the report of the International Energy Agency, the electricity demand is constantly increasing the world over. Countries are moving towards green energy and efforts are being made to integrate these green energy into the main grid. Smart Grid will improve the reliability and efficiency of the grid by managing the energy demand. Cyber-attacks and cyber terrorism is also increasingly targeting the electrical grid. Intruders may try to gain access to the grid by exploiting the vulnerability of the grid. IEDs/devices are the endpoints of the network and they are the weakest link in the enti…
The Development of Resilience Management Guidelines to Protect Critical Infrastructures in Europe
2018
The capability to be resilient in the face of crises and disasters is a topic of highest political concern in Europe especially as far as critical infrastructures and urban environments are concerned. Critical infrastructures are systems or part of systems essential for the maintenance of vital societal functions, the disruption or destruction of which would have a significant impact on the well-being of people. Examples of them are transportation services, energy infrastructures, water and wastewater systems, health and emergency services, financial services, communication infrastructures, etc. The symposium focuses on the experience of four different projects funded under the Horizon 2020…
PLC security and critical infrastructure protection
2013
Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) are the most important components embedded in Industrial Control Systems (ICSs). ICSs have achieved highest standards in terms of efficiency and performance. As a result of that, higher portion of infrastructure in industries has been automated for the comfort of human beings. Therefore, protection of such systems is crucial. It is important to investigate the vulnerabilities of ICSs in order to solve the threats and attacks against critical infrastructure to protect human lives and assets. PLC is the basic building block of an ICS. If PLCs are exploited, overall system will be exposed to the threat. Many believed that PLCs are secured devices due to it…
Simulations of networked critical infrastructures
2018
Master's thesis Information- and communication technology IKT590 - University of Agder 2018 Critical infrastructure (CI) refers to assets that are essential for the functioning of a society and economy, such as telecommunication/ICT; energy generation, transmission and distribution; financial sector; etc. CIs are tightly coupled, creating a complex system where failures propagate from a disrupted CI to other CIs, aggravating and prolonging the societal impact through cascading effects. This thesis extends a system dynamic model by Eliza Canzani describing how a failed critical infrastructure that cannot deliver products and services impacts other critical infrastructures, and how a critical…
Phenomena in the Cyber World
2015
This chapter describes and evaluates the cyber world, including its phenomena, from a strategic perspective. As no universally accepted definitions for the cyber world exist, associated literature and publications address it in many different ways. A five-layer model is constructed for cyber threats, which include cybervandalism, cybercrime, cyber intelligence, cyberterrorism and cyberwarfare. This chapter depicts the standards-based risk model, cyber operations and cyberweaponry, as well as the critical structures of society as the targets. Moreover, cyber security definitions are provided. Cyber world phenomena are addressed in more detail in other chapters of this book.
Emergent vulnerabilities in Integrated Operations: A proactive simulation study of economic risk
2009
Abstract The protection of critical infrastructure requires an understanding of the effects of change on current and future safety and operations. Vulnerabilities may emerge during the rollout of updated techniques and integration of new technology with existing work practices. Managers need to understand how their decisions, often focused on economic priorities, affect the dynamics of vulnerability over time. Such understanding is difficult to obtain, as the historical data typically used for decision support, prediction and forecasting may not be available. We report on the use of group model building and simulation to consider proactively the effects of a 10-year, multi-billion dollar mo…
Comparing Cybersecurity Information Exchange Models and Standards for the Common Secure Information Management Framework
2021
Cyber threats have increased in spite of formal economic integration in the world. Decision-makers and authorities need to respond to the growing challenge of cyberthreats by increasing cooperation. Information is one of the main facilities when the objective is to prevent hybrid threats at the EU level and between the western countries. The main purpose of the study is to find out separating and combining factors concerning existing cyber information sharing models and information management frameworks in western countries. The aim is also to find out crucial factors, which affect the utilization of a common Early Warning System for the ECHO stakeholders. The main findings are that unclear…